CT: Quick Refresher Syntax

TIP

How to use: Review this before solving any tracing problem.

1. Variables & Types

Assignment: Var = Value
Integers: 0, 1, -5
Strings: "Hello"
Booleans: True, False
Lists: [1, 2, 3]

2. Operators

Math: +, -, *, /
Modulus: % (Remainder)
Comparison: >, <, >=, <=, ==, !=
Logic: and, or, not

3. Conditionals

If (Condition):
    Do A
Else:
    Do B

4. Loops

While Loop

While (Condition):
    Body
    Update

For Loop

For i in Range(Start, End):
    Body

Note: Usually includes Start, excludes End (depending on language, but in CT pseudocode often inclusive. Check context!).

5. List Operations

Access: L[i]
Length: Len(L)
Append: L = L + [Item]
Slice: L[Start : End]

6. Standard Algorithms

Summing: S = S + x
Counting: C = C + 1
Max: If x > Max then Max = x
Min: If x < Min then Min = x

7. Dictionaries

Init: D = {}
Access: D[key]
Update: D[key] = value
Check: if key in D
Keys: keys(D)
Values: values(D)

8. Procedures

Definition:

Procedure Name(Arg1, Arg2)
    Body
    return Result
End Name

Call: Val = Name(X, Y)